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A non-invasive study of flow dynamics in membrane distillation hollow fiber modules using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

机译：使用低场核磁共振成像（mRI）进行膜蒸馏中空纤维模块流动动力学的非侵入性研究

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Low-field bench-top nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been applied to investigate the hydrodynamics in novel hollow fiber modules with four different configurations of randomly-packed, spacer-knitted, curly and semi-curly fibers, specifically designed for the membrane distillation (MD) process. Imaging, spatially resolved velocity maps and propagators (probability distributions of displacement/velocity) were all acquired in the modules with flow in the shell side. The MRI data were correlated with overall module performance.\ud\udThe results have revealed that the curly configuration exhibited more significant transverse flow and hence enhanced mixing, compared to the randomly packed configuration; this was consistent with an enhanced MD performance in terms of permeation flux. Interestingly, the velocity maps of the spacer-knitted fiber design indicated a significant flow channeling in the center of the module, despite its enhanced MD performance. Fortunately, combined with further investigations on the localized velocity images of this configuration, the acquisition of propagators provided valuable information in revealing the existence of reduced stagnant regions and significant transverse flow at varied operating conditions, which indicated a better overall mixing and hence confirmed its module performance.
机译：低场台式核磁共振成像（MRI）已用于研究新型中空纤维模块中的流体动力学，该模块具有四种特殊配置的随机填充，间隔编织，卷曲和半卷曲纤维，专门为膜设计蒸馏（MD）工艺。成像，空间分辨速度图和传播器（位移/速度的概率分布）都在模块中通过壳侧流动获取。 MRI数据与整体模块性能相关。\ ud \ ud结果表明，与随机包装的配置相比，卷曲的配置表现出更大的横向流动，因此增强了混合效果；这与渗透通量提高的MD性能一致。有趣的是，尽管增强了MD性能，但间隔编织纤维设计的速度图表明在模块中心有明显的流动通道。幸运的是，结合对这种构造的局部速度图像的进一步研究，传播器的获取提供了宝贵的信息，可揭示在不同的操作条件下停滞区域的减少和明显的横向流动的存在，这表明整体混合效果更好，因此确定了其模块性能。

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